Cover: Living Handbook of Perishable Food Supply Chains

Living Handbook of Perishable Food Supply Chains

Judith Kreyenschmidt, Sophia Dohlen (editors)

This project is funded by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).


Pakistan 2026

Pakistan 2026





Pakistan
2026

Chapter 1 - Demographic and geographic data

Location:
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Population, female (% of total):
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Median age, total:
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Life expectancy at birth, total (years):
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Fertility rate, total (births per woman):
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Ethnic groups:
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Languages:
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Religions:
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Total area (km²):
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Land area (km²):
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Water area (km²):
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Coastline (km):
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Arable land (hectares):
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Agricultural land (km²):
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Forest area (% of land area):
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Desert area (% of land area):
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Major Urban Areas:
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Population – distribution:
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Population density (people per km² of land area):
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Rural land area (km²):
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Urban land area (km²):
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Rural population (% of total):
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Urban population (% of total):
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Access to electricity (% of population):
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Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population):
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Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population):
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Improved water source (% of population with access):
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Improved water source, rural (% of rural population with access):
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Improved water source, urban (% of urban population with access):
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Boundary countries:
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Number of airports:
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Roadways, total (includes local roads; km):
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Roadways, paved (km):
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Railway lines (length of lines operated; km):
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Length of waterways (km):
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Number of (sea/river) ports:
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Major seaport(s):
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Container port(s):
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Container port traffic:
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Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high):
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Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1=low to 5=high):
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Border length - km:
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Cold storage capacity (million m³):
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Refrigerator ownership rate (% of households):
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Logistics storage conditions (description):
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Air transport, freight (million ton-km):
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Railways, goods transported (million ton-km):
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Road, goods transported (million ton-km):
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Inland water wary, goods transported (million ton-km):
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Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units):
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Rail transport, total (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Rail transport, products of agriculture, forestry; fish and fishing products (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Rail transport, food products, beverages and tobacco (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Inland water transport, total (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Climate:
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Inland water transport, products of agriculture, forestry; fish and fishing products (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Oversea transport, total (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Oversea transport, products of agriculture, forestry; fish and fishing products (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Road transport by national lorries, total (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Road transport by national lorries, products of agriculture, forestry; fish and fishing products (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Air transport, total (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Air transport, products of agriculture, forestry; fish and fishing products (in 1,000 tonnes):
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Terrain (description):
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Natural hazards (e.g., floods, landslides, earthquakes):
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Population, total:
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Chapter 2 - Food-related economic data and trade statistics

Monthly expenditure on food, beverages and tobacco ($):
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
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Sugar:
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Pasta:
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Fish and fish products:
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Meat and meat products:
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Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
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Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
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Bakery products:
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Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
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Alcoholic beverages:
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Convenience food and other food products:
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Mineral water and soft drinks:
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Oils and fats:
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Mills and starch:
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
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Sugar:
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Persons in employment, in millions:
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Pasta:
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Fish and fish products:
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Meat and meat products:
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Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
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Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
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Sugar:
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Pasta:
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Fish and fish products:
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Meat and meat products:
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Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
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Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
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Bakery products:
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Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
n/a
Alcoholic beverages:
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Convenience food and other food products:
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Mineral water and soft drinks:
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Oils and fats:
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Mills and starch:
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Bakery products:
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Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
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Alcoholic beverages:
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Unemployment rate (%):
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Convenience food and other food products:
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Mineral water and soft drinks:
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Oils and fats:
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Mills and starch:
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
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Sugar:
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Pasta:
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Fish and fish products:
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Employment in agriculture (% of total employment):
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Meat and meat products:
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Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
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Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
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Employment in services (% of total employment):
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Employment in industry (% of total employment):
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Persons employed in production and process:
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Persons employed in food wholesaler and retailer:
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Persons employed in food service:
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GDP (current $):
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Agriculture:
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Agricultural wholesale:
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Food handcraft:
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Food industry:
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Wholesale:
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Retail:
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Catering:
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Total:
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GDP per capita (current $):
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Agriculture:
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Agricultural wholesale:
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Food handcraft:
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Food industry:
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Wholesale:
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Retail:
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Catering:
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Total:
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Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
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Agriculture:
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Agricultural wholesale:
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Food handcraft:
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Food industry:
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Wholesale:
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Retail:
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Catering:
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Total:
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The food industry - please characterize the food industry by enterprise size:
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Agriculture and food products:
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Industry, value added (% of GDP):
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Exports total:
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Exports food industry altogether:
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Imports total:
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Imports food industry altogether:
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Exports total:
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Exports food industry altogether:
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Imports total:
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Services, etc., value added (% of GDP):
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Imports food industry altogether:
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Products of agriculture and hunting:
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Fish and products of fishing:
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Food products:
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Beverages:
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Total:
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Products of agriculture and hunting:
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Fish and products of fishing:
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Food products:
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Beverages:
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Total:
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Bakery products:
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Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
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Alcoholic beverages:
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Convenience food and other food products:
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Household net adjusted disposable income ($ per year):
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Mineral water and soft drinks:
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Oils and fats:
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Mills and starch:
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
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Sugar:
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Pasta:
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Fish and fish products:
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Meat and meat products:
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Monthly private consumption expenditure ($):
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Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
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Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
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Coffee and tea:
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Spicery and sauces:
n/a
Sugar:
n/a
Pasta:
n/a
Fish and fish products:
n/a
Meat and meat products:
n/a
Milk and dairy products (except ice cream):
n/a
Processed and canned fruit and vegetables:
n/a
Bakery products:
n/a
Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
n/a
Alcoholic beverages:
n/a
Convenience food and other food products:
n/a
Mineral water and soft drinks:
n/a
Oils and fats:
n/a
Mills and starch:
n/a
Bakery products:
n/a
Confectionary and long-life bakery products:
n/a
Alcoholic beverages:
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Convenience food and other food products:
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Mineral water and soft drinks:
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Oils and fats:
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Mills and starch:
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Chapter 3 - Sustainability

How important are environmentally sustainable aspects within a scale of 0 (not) to 10 (very)?
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Is there a national anti food waste strategy?
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The strategies to minimize food losses:
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The regulations supporting sustainability in the perishable food supply chain:
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The use of renewable energy, alternative fuels:
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The use of sustainable food packagings and technologies:
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Production and processing:
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Transport:
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Wholesaler:
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Retailer:
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Consumer:
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Which products (see categories above) are wasted the most on which link in the chain?
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The main reasons for food losses in each product category and link of chain, the role of the cold chain:
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Chapter 4 - Regulations and standards

The main regulations for hygiene and temperature control of perishable products:
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If possible, please add a link to the homepage with the regulations and laws:
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The main norms/standards and certificates for hygiene and temperature control of perishable products:
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Chapter 5 - Current technologies

Cooling technologies for precooling, storage, transport and retail:
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Equipment used for transport, degree of containerization (reefers):
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Use of packaging technologies, packaging strategies for different products, different packaging materials, hygiene-palettes:
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Use of monitoring technologies, tracking and tracing, use of labels:
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Warehousing technologies and management:
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Chapter 6 - Challenges in the field of Cold Chain Management

Main challenges for cold chain development and cold chain integrity:
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