<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE GmsArticle SYSTEM "http://www.egms.de/dtd/2.0.34/GmsArticle.dtd">
<GmsArticle xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <MetaData>
    <Identifier>dgkh000347</Identifier>
    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/dgkh000347</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-dgkh0003479</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Letter to the editor</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Scuba divers&#8217; techniques to prevent fogging of eyewear in emergency healthcare settings</Title>
      <TitleTranslated language="de">Anwendung der Technik von Tauchern zur Verhinderung des Beschlagens von Augenschutzbrillen in der Notfallmedizin</TitleTranslated>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Sarkar</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Sarkar</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Abhirup</Firstname>
          <Initials>A</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India<Affiliation>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</Affiliation></Address>
        <Email>abhirupsa&#64;gmail.com</Email>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="yes" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
    </CreatorList>
    <PublisherList>
      <Publisher>
        <Corporation>
          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
      </Publisher>
    </PublisherList>
    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
      <Keyword language="en">PPE</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">fogging</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">goggles</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">Scuba</Keyword>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DatePublishedList>
      
    <DatePublished>20200615</DatePublished></DatePublishedList>
    <Language>engl</Language>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
    </License>
    <SourceGroup>
      <Journal>
        <ISSN>2196-5226</ISSN>
        <Volume>15</Volume>
        <JournalTitle>GMS Hygiene and Infection Control</JournalTitle>
        <JournalTitleAbbr>GMS Hyg Infect Control</JournalTitleAbbr>
      </Journal>
    </SourceGroup>
    <ArticleNo>12</ArticleNo>
  </MetaData>
  <OrigData>
    <TextBlock linked="yes" name="Letter to the editor">
      <MainHeadline>Letter to the editor</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Dear Editor,</Pgraph><Pgraph>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an immense surge in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings. The use of goggles is an integral part of the PPE used by healthcare professionals involved in direct patient care <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. Fogging of goggles causing decreased visibility is a known issue faced by healthcare professionals everywhere <TextLink reference="3"></TextLink>. This can often be catastrophic in critical stages of patient management.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Commercial anti-fogging agents commonly used by scuba divers can be used when donning goggles and have been found to be effective. Procuring sufficient amounts of commercially available anti-fogging agents can be difficult in the current situation. Some tricks used by professional scuba divers can be applied in emergency settings. Many scuba divers spit on the inner surface of their eyewear and wipe the sputum to prevent fogging <TextLink reference="4"></TextLink>. We have used a similar technique in healthcare setting in emergency situations and found it to be effective. A better alternative, also used by scuba divers, is to use diluted shampoo or liquid soap to wipe the inner surface of the goggles before donning <TextLink reference="4"></TextLink>. We found a 10&#37; solution of shampoo or liquid soap solution was best at preventing fogging. A good practice is to put few drops of the solution on the inner surface of the glasses and rinse it with water. In emergency situations with no available soap solution, using the spit-and-wipe technique can be used to prevent fogging.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock linked="yes" name="Notes">
      <MainHeadline>Notes</MainHeadline><SubHeadline>Competing interests</SubHeadline><Pgraph>The author declares that he has no competing interests.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>WHO</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle></RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2020</RefYear>
        <RefBookTitle>Laboratory Biosafety Guidance Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Guidance, 12 February 2020</RefBookTitle>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>WHO. Laboratory Biosafety Guidance Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Guidance, 12 February 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https:&#47;&#47;apps.who.int&#47;iris&#47;bitstream&#47;handle&#47;10665&#47;331138&#47;WHO-WPE-GIH-2020.1-eng.pdf&#63;sequence&#61;1&#38;isAllowed&#61;y</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>https:&#47;&#47;apps.who.int&#47;iris&#47;bitstream&#47;handle&#47;10665&#47;331138&#47;WHO-WPE-GIH-2020.1-eng.pdf&#63;sequence&#61;1&#38;isAllowed&#61;y</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>WHO</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle></RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2020</RefYear>
        <RefBookTitle>Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide</RefBookTitle>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>WHO. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide. 3 Mar 2020 &#91;last accessed April 8, 2020&#93;. Available from: https:&#47;&#47;www.who.int&#47;news-room&#47;detail&#47;03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>https:&#47;&#47;www.who.int&#47;news-room&#47;detail&#47;03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="3">
        <RefAuthor>Crebolder JM</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Sloan RB</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Determining the effects of eyewear fogging on visual task performance</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2004</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Appl Ergon</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>371-81</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Crebolder JM, Sloan RB. Determining the effects of eyewear fogging on visual task performance. Appl Ergon. 2004 Jul;35(4):371-81. DOI: 10.1016&#47;j.apergo.2004.02.005</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>https:&#47;&#47;doi.org&#47;10.1016&#47;j.apergo.2004.02.005</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="4">
        <RefAuthor>Reimer K</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle></RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2019</RefYear>
        <RefBookTitle>Basics &#8211; Theory for Scuba Divers: A Related to Practice Textbook</RefBookTitle>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Reimer K. Basics &#8211; Theory for Scuba Divers: A Related to Practice Textbook. Norderstedt: Books on Demand; 2019.</RefTotal>
      </Reference>
    </References>
    <Media>
      <Tables>
        <NoOfTables>0</NoOfTables>
      </Tables>
      <Figures>
        <NoOfPictures>0</NoOfPictures>
      </Figures>
      <InlineFigures>
        <NoOfPictures>0</NoOfPictures>
      </InlineFigures>
      <Attachments>
        <NoOfAttachments>0</NoOfAttachments>
      </Attachments>
    </Media>
  </OrigData>
</GmsArticle>