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    <Identifier>dgkh000221</Identifier>
    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/dgkh000221</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-dgkh0002219</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Letter to the Editor</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Alcohol-based hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics contamination</Title>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Wiwanitkit</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Wiwanitkit</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Somsri</Firstname>
          <Initials>S</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand<Affiliation>Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand</Affiliation></Address>
        <Email>somsriwiwan&#64;hotmail.com</Email>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="yes" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Wiwanitkit</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Wiwanitkit</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Viroj</Firstname>
          <Initials>V</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China</Affiliation>
          <Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
    </CreatorList>
    <PublisherList>
      <Publisher>
        <Corporation>
          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
      </Publisher>
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    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DatePublishedList>
      
    <DatePublished>20140307</DatePublished></DatePublishedList>
    <Language>engl</Language>
    <SourceGroup>
      <Journal>
        <ISSN>2196-5226</ISSN>
        <Volume>9</Volume>
        <Issue>1</Issue>
        <JournalTitle>GMS Hygiene and Infection Control</JournalTitle>
        <JournalTitleAbbr>GMS Hyg Infect Control</JournalTitleAbbr>
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    <ArticleNo>01</ArticleNo>
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      <MainHeadline>Letter</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Sir, the recent article by Steinhauer et al. <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink> is very interesting.  Steinhauer et al. reported that &#8220;primary packaging material and use were not found to pose a significant contamination risk as far as bacterial spores are concerned&#8221; <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>. In fact, the contamination of hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics can be expected. In tropical world where the climate is proper for the growth of pathogen, the problem might be more serious. The poorer quality control process in manufacturing steps is also a very important problem. In a report from Taiwan, the contamination of alcohol used in hospital due to bacterial contamination from the manufacturer  could be seen <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. Additionally, when one focuses interest on disinfectants and antiseptics, one might forget to consider on water,  pipeline and tap contamination.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock linked="yes" name="Notes">
      <MainHeadline>Notes</MainHeadline><SubHeadline>Competing interests</SubHeadline><Pgraph>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>Steinhauer K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Meyer B</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Ostermeyer C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>R&#246;dger HJ</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Hintzpeter M</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Hygienic safety  of alcohol-based hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2013</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>GMS Hyg Infect Control</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>Doc19</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Steinhauer K, Meyer B, Ostermeyer C, R&#246;dger HJ, Hintzpeter M. Hygienic safety  of alcohol-based hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2013 Nov 6;8(2):Doc19. DOI: 10.3205&#47;dgkh000219</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.3205&#47;dgkh000219</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>Hsueh PR</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Teng LJ</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Yang PC</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Pan HL</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Ho SW</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Luh KT</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Nosocomial pseudoepidemic caused by Bacillus cereus traced to contaminated ethyl alcohol from a liquor factory</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>1999</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>J Clin Microbiol</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>2280-4</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Yang PC, Pan HL, Ho SW, Luh KT. Nosocomial pseudoepidemic caused by Bacillus cereus traced to contaminated ethyl alcohol from a liquor factory. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jul;37(7):2280-4.</RefTotal>
      </Reference>
    </References>
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