TY  - CHAP
T1  - Male circumcision: Impact on human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections
T2  - Urogenital Infections and Inflammations
AU  - Krieger, John N.
AU  - Morris, Brian
ED  - Naber, Kurt G.
AD  - John N. Krieger MD, PhD, University of Washington, Section of Urology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 356510, 98195-6510, Seattle, United States, E-mail: jkrieger@u.washington.edu
N2  - High-quality data show that male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection by approximately 70% during heterosexual intercourse. Three major lines of evidence support this conclusion: biological data suggesting that this concept is plausible, data from observational studies supported by high-quality meta-analysis, and three randomized controlled trials involving more than 11,000 participants, also supported by high quality meta-analyses. The evidence from these biological studies, observational studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, and cost-effectiveness studies is conclusive. Besides reducing risk of HIV infection, male circumcision also reduces the risk of a number of other sexually transmitted infections, including: high-risk human papillomavirus types, genital herpes, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, syphilis, chancroid and genital ulcer disease. These strong data reinforce policy statements promoting male circumcision as an important public health measure. 
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2018/10/26
DO  - 10.5680/lhuii000024
LA  - en
L1  - https://books.publisso.de/en/system/getFile/150
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.5680/lhuii000024
L2  - https://dx.doi.org/10.5680/lhuii000024
KW  - Male circumcision
KW  - HIV infection
KW  - sexually transmitted infections
KW  - complications
PB  - German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
CY  - Berlin
ER  -