<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<GmsArticle>
  <MetaData>
    <Identifier>dgkh000223</Identifier>
    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/dgkh000223</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-dgkh0002235</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Letter to the Editor</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Improving patient safety by doing less rather than more: many peripheral intravenous catheters are unnecessary</Title>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Egerton-Warburton</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Egerton-Warburton</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Diana</Firstname>
          <Initials>D</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Emergency Department, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
          <Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Craig</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Craig</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Simon</Firstname>
          <Initials>S</Initials>
          <AcademicTitle>Dr.</AcademicTitle>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>Emergency Department, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168<Affiliation>Emergency Department, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation></Address>
        <Email>Simon.craig&#64;monashhealth.org</Email>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="yes" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Stuart</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Stuart</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Rhonda</Firstname>
          <Initials>R</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
          <Affiliation>Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Dendle</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Dendle</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Claire</Firstname>
          <Initials>C</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
          <Affiliation>Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
    </CreatorList>
    <PublisherList>
      <Publisher>
        <Corporation>
          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
      </Publisher>
    </PublisherList>
    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
      <Keyword language="en">compliance</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">peripheral venous catheter insertion</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">standard operating procedure</Keyword>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DatePublishedList>
      
    <DatePublished>20140307</DatePublished></DatePublishedList>
    <Language>engl</Language>
    <SourceGroup>
      <Journal>
        <ISSN>2196-5226</ISSN>
        <Volume>9</Volume>
        <Issue>1</Issue>
        <JournalTitle>GMS Hygiene and Infection Control</JournalTitle>
        <JournalTitleAbbr>GMS Hyg Infect Control</JournalTitleAbbr>
      </Journal>
    </SourceGroup>
    <ArticleNo>03</ArticleNo>
  </MetaData>
  <OrigData>
    <TextBlock linked="yes" name="Letter">
      <MainHeadline>Letter</MainHeadline><SubHeadline>Reply to: Improving patient safety during insertion of peripheral venous catheters: an observational intervention study. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2013; 8(2):Doc18 </SubHeadline><Pgraph>We would like to congratulate Kampf and colleagues on their study, which demonstrates the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention to improve safety for the insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>. </Pgraph><Pgraph>The issue of nosocomial infection is a small but real risk associated with the insertion of PIVC <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. While we support and agree with the approach of the authors, we feel they may have missed an important initial step &#8211; ensuring that the PIVC is needed in the first place. </Pgraph><Pgraph>We performed a study in our institution that demonstrated that 50&#37; of PIVC inserted in adult patients in our emergency department were unused <TextLink reference="3"></TextLink>. Of those subsequently admitted to hospital, a similar proportion still had an unused PIVC at 72 hours. While some of these unused PIVC may have still been appropriate, it is likely to be a small minority. We described this situation as &#8220;pain without gain&#8221;. </Pgraph><Pgraph>The safest, least painful and least costly peripheral venous catheter is one that was never inserted in the first place. </Pgraph><Pgraph>We would encourage vigilance by health professionals for all aspects of PIVC. This should include monitoring of usage rates and ensuring that they are only inserted if there is a reasonable likelihood of being used.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock linked="yes" name="Notes">
      <MainHeadline>Notes</MainHeadline><SubHeadline>Competing interests</SubHeadline><Pgraph>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</Pgraph><SubHeadline>Reply</SubHeadline><Pgraph>Please read the reply to this letter: <TextLink reference="4"></TextLink>.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>Kampf G</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Reise G</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>James C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Gittelbauer K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Gosch J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Alpers B</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Improving patient safety during insertion of peripheral venous catheters: an observational intervention study</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2013</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>GMS Hyg Infect Control</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>Doc18</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Kampf G, Reise G, James C, Gittelbauer K, Gosch J, Alpers B. Improving patient safety during insertion of peripheral venous catheters: an observational intervention study. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2013;8(2):Doc18. DOI: 10.3205&#47;dgkh000218</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.3205&#47;dgkh000218</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>Stuart RL</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Cameron DR</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Scott C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Kotsanas D</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Grayson ML</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Korman TM</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Gillespie EE</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Johnson PD</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Peripheral intravenous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: more than 5 years of prospective data from two tertiary health services</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2013</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Med J Aust</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>551-3</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Stuart RL, Cameron DR, Scott C, Kotsanas D, Grayson ML, Korman TM, Gillespie EE, Johnson PD. Peripheral intravenous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: more than 5 years of prospective data from two tertiary health services. Med J Aust. 2013 Jun;198(10):551-3. DOI: 10.5694&#47;mja12.11699</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.5694&#47;mja12.11699</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="3">
        <RefAuthor>Limm EI</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Fang X</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Dendle C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Stuart RL</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Egerton Warburton D</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Half of all peripheral intravenous lines in an Australian tertiary emergency department are unused: pain with no gain&#63;</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2013</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Ann Emerg Med</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>521-5</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Limm EI, Fang X, Dendle C, Stuart RL, Egerton Warburton D. Half of all peripheral intravenous lines in an Australian tertiary emergency department are unused: pain with no gain&#63; Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Nov;62(5):521-5. DOI: 10.1016&#47;j.annemergmed.2013.02.022</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1016&#47;j.annemergmed.2013.02.022</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="4">
        <RefAuthor>Kampf G</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Reise G</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>James C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Gittelbauer K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Gosch J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Alpers B</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>We agree: the less insertions, the better</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2014</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>GMS Hyg Infect Control</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>Doc02</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Kampf G, Reise G, James C, Gittelbauer K, Gosch J, Alpers B. We agree: the less insertions, the better. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2014;9(1):Doc02. DOI: 10.3205&#47;dgkh000222</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.3205&#47;dgkh000222</RefLink>
      </Reference>
    </References>
    <Media>
      <Tables>
        <NoOfTables>0</NoOfTables>
      </Tables>
      <Figures>
        <NoOfPictures>0</NoOfPictures>
      </Figures>
      <InlineFigures>
        <NoOfPictures>0</NoOfPictures>
      </InlineFigures>
      <Attachments>
        <NoOfAttachments>0</NoOfAttachments>
      </Attachments>
    </Media>
  </OrigData>
</GmsArticle>